WHY ARE THE ECLIPSES SO RARE?

WHY ARE THE ECLIPSES SO RARE?

When the moon in its journey around the earth passes directly between the earth and the sun, it casts its shadow on the surface of the earth, and an eclipse of the sun takes place.
An eclipse of the sun occurs only when the moon is new, for then the moon is on that side of the facing toward the sun. Then why isn't there an eclipse of the sun every time there's a new moon? The reason is that the path of the moon around the earth does not lie directly in line with the orbit of the earth about the sun. In its 29-days trip around the earth,the moon passes sometimes above and sometimes below the path of the earth.
An eclipse of the sun can be total, annular, or partial. If the moon hides the sun completely, the eclipse is total. But the moon is not always the same distance from the earth. Often, it is too far from the earth to hide the sun completely. Then, when an eclipse takes place,the moon is seen as a dark disk which covers the whole sun except a narrow ring around its edge. This thin circle of light is called "the annulus" meaning "ring".This is an annular eclipse.An eclipse is partial whenever only part of the disk of the moon comes between the sun and the earth.
An eclipse of the moon occurs only when the moon is full, for then it is at the opppsite side of the earth from the sun. When the moon comes directly behind the earth as seen from the sun. when the moon comes directly behind the earth, as seen from the sun,it passes gradually into the great shadow-cone cast by the earth and disappers from view. A total eclipse of the moon then occurs. A partial eclipse takes place when the moon enters only partly into the shadow.

In some years, no eclipses of the moon occur. In other years, there are from one to three. Every year, there must be at least two solar eclipses, and there may be as many as five. At any one place on the earth'h suface,a total solar eclipse will be visible only once in about 360 years.

WHY IS THE SOLAR SYSTEM THE WAY IT IS?

WHY IS THE SOLAR SYSTEM THE WAY IT IS?

As far as we know, there is no reason why the solar system is arranged exactly as it is. It might have been arranged differently. This has to do with the way it originated. But man has discovered certain laws of nature that seem to keep the solar system in its present pattern.
Earth, like the solar planets, follows its path, or orbit, around the sun.
The period of time that the earth takes to go around the sun is called a year.
The other planets have orbits larger or smaller than the earth's.
How this solar system came to be and how the planets came to have the size,location,and orbits they have, astronomers cannot fully explain. But they have teo main types of thories. one type of theory suggests that the formation of the planets was a part of the gradual change of the sun from a whirling mass of hot gas to its present size and brilliance. The planets formed as small whirling masses in the giant gas and dust cloud as it turned.
Another group of theories is based on the idea that at some time here was a near-collision between the sun and another star passing nearby. Large pieces of the sun were pulled away and began to resolve around the sun at different distances. These are now planets.
No matter which theory is right, the solar system caem to be as it now is more or less by chance. Why does it stay this way? Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion state that all planets travel about the sun in an elliptical ( oval ) path; that a planet moves faster in its orbit as it nears the sun; and that there is a relation between its distance from the sun and the time it takes to make an orbit. Newton's law of Gravitation, of which kepler's three laws were an indispensable part, explained how two objects attract each other.
So the solar system remains as it is because certain laws of nature maintain the relationship of the sun and the planets.

WHY DO SUNSETS LOOK RED?

WHY DO SUNSETS LOOK RED?

A beautiful red  sunset, the colors warm and glowing, is one of the loveliest sights we can imagine. And sometimes, when we look at it we might say, "see how red the sun is!"
But, of course, we know that the sun itself hasn't become red or changed in any way. It merely looks that way to us at that particular time of day. In fact, at that very moment people are looking at that same sun thousands of miles to the west and it doesn't look red to them at all.
What produces the colors of a sunset is the distance that the sunlight must travel through our atmosphere. the lower it is, the more of our earth's atmosphere does that light travel through.
But first, let's remind ourselves that sunlight is a mixture of light of all colors. Normally, this mixture of light appears as white to our eyes. But the atmosphere has molecules of air, dust, water vapor, and other impurities present in it. As the light passes through them, different colors are scattered by these particles. Now, it so happens our atmoshere scatters out violet, blue, and green light more than it does the reds and yellows. So when the sun is low, this scattering leaves more reds and yellows for us to see and we have a reddish sunset.
By the way, this scattering of light also explanis why the sky liiks blue, Violet and blue light have short waves and are scattered about 10 times more than red light waves by our atmoshere. This means that the red rays go straight through our atmosphere, while the blue waves don't come through directly but are scattered by the air, water, and dust particles. It is this scattered light that we see as the blue sky when we look up.

how big is the universe?

HOW BIG IS THE UNIVERSE 

It is impossible for the human mind to conceive a true picture of the size of the universe.We not only don't know how big it is,but it is hard for us even to imagine how big it might be.
If we start from the earth and move out, we'll see why this is so. The earth is part of the solar system,but a very tiny part of it.The solar system consists of the sun, the planets that revolve around it , the asteroid, which are tiny planets, and the meteors.
Now, this whole solar system of ours is only a tiny part of another, much bigger system called " a galaxy". A galaxy is made up of many millions of stars,many of which may be much larger than our sun, and they may have solar systems of their own.
So the stars we see in our galaxy, which we call "the  Milky Way". are all suns . They are all so far away that distances are measured in light years instead of in miles. Light travels about 6,000,000,000,000 miles in a year. The bright star nearest to the earth is Alpha Centauri. Do you know how far away it is ? 25,000,000,000,000 miles!
But we're still talking only ablut our own galaxy. This is believed to be about 100,000 light years in width. This means 100,000 times 6,000,000,000,000 miles! And our galaxy is only a tiny part of a still larger system.
There are probably millions of galaxies out beyond the Milky Way.
And perhaps all these galaxies put together are still only a part of some larger system!
So you see why it is impossible for us to have an idea of the size of the universe. Incidentally, it is believed by scientists that the universe is expanding. This means that every few billion years two galaxies will find themselves twice as far apart as they were before!

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Department of Chemical Engineering at BUITEMS

Department of Chemical Engineering


Establishment of Chemical Engineering Department at BUITEMS was an urgent need of
Balochistan province, which needs industrialization at an accelerated pace. This is based on
the fact that this province is full of minerals, oil and gas resources.
One of the main attractions of Balochistan is its unexploited geological potentials. It occupies a
strategic location in relation to central Asia and sits on geological belts with known world-class
mineral deposits. Balochistan produces 40.2 % of the primary energy of Pakistan in the form of
natural gas, coal and electricity, of the total mineral fuel reserves of the country, Balochistan
contains more than 33 % of the natural gas, about 9% of the coal and about 2% of the probable
oil reserves.
A little has been done uptil now for the exploitation of these rich resources. This needs chemical
/metallurgical industries for the processing of valuable minerals and for the manufacture of
petrochemical products from the available oil and gas deposits in this province.

SCOPE

o There are a lot of opportunities for Chemical engineers in Pakistan
and abroad, as they deal with applying scientific and mathematical
principles, synthesizing new materials, transforming combinations of
elements of matter and developing the processes to do it all safely,
efficiently and on a large scale.
o Chemical engineers turn raw materials into valuable products. They
will often specialize in a particular area once they become established,
including biochemistry, the environment or petrochemical refining.
o Chemical engineering largely involves the design and maintenance of
chemical processes for large-scale manufacture.

VISION

o To be the leading Chemical Engineering department in Pakistan with
innovative and improved programs.
o To be the prolific department in providing the highly trained graduates
needed in the chemical and petrochemical production facilities
located in Pakistan and the Gulf Coast area.
o To achieve national and international recognition through the
educational and research achievements and the professional
service of our faculty, staff and students.

MISSION

The Department of Chemical Engineering is committed to establish conductive
environment for top class professional education and research in the field of
Chemical Engineering. The Department is committed to produce quality Chemical
engineers with expertise in operation and design of Chemical processes and their
modifications.
The Department of Chemical Engineering is also devoted to solve the industry's
technical and managerial issues targeting not only the current needs of industry but
also acting as a key source of ideas and expertise for the long term competitiveness
of the entire Chemical industry of Pakistan. This will also be source centre for
technical human resources, executives and consultants.

OBJECTIVES

o To produce professional Chemical Engineers (men and women) of
high calibre and expertise to meet the demand of Chemical /
Petrochemical industry of Pakistan.
o After graduation, Chemical Engineers of this University will serve in
Oil & Gas industry, SANDAK Project. Sui (PPL), Pirkoh, Loti, Uch,
Zin, Jandran of OGDCL & BG, BOSICOR refinery, HUBCO Pvt. Ltd.,
provides another prospect of utilizing their skills as a Chemical
Engineer.

o To enable the youngsters of Pakistan in general and youngster of
Balochistan in particular to acquire expertise in the different areas/fields
of Chemical Engineering.
o To develop trained human resources for Chemical process industry of
Pakistan.
o To analyze industrial Chemical Engineering Problems and synthesize
solutions to those problems, compare favourably in their knowledge of
chemical engineering.
o To use their training as a springboard to further professional and
career development.

Department of textile engieering at BUITEMS

Department of Textile Engineering

Introduction

Balochistan having fertile land and growth environment is quite suitable for growing cotton.
Balochistan is also rich in wool production. Keeping in view the need of expertise in the field
of wool processing in particular and cotton / manmade fabrics in general, BUITEMS launched
the BS Textile Engineering program with the intake of 20 students in Fall 2004 at Takatu
Campus in the former Bolan Textile Mills, Baleli, Quetta with the high spirit and hope to produce
quality textile engineers with the expertise in processing the wool, cotton and manmade fabrics.
It is an accredited program by the Pakistan Engineering Council.
After graduation, Textile Engineers of this University will serve in the textile industry of
Pakistan particularly the areas of Hub district Labella which caters more than 30 textile units. In
near futur Gawadar will be the Centre of industrial zone and demand of Textile Engineers will be
increased.

VISION

o BUITEMS should be one of the best in producing quality textile
engineers for the textile industry.
o To Make the department a Centre of Excellence in education and
research on textiles including operation and design of textile
processes and machinery.
o To Solve the industry’s technical and managerial issues.
o To become a major source of ideas and expertise for the long term
competitiveness of the entire textile industry of Pakistan.

MISSION

The Department of Textile Engineering believes in establishing conducive
environment for top of the class professional education and research in the field of
Textile Engineering. The Department is committed to produce quality textile
engineers with expertise in operation and design of textile processes and machinery.
The Department of Textile Engineering is also devoted to solve the industry’s
technical and managerial issues targeting not only the current needs of industry but
also acting as a key source of ideas and expertise for the long term competitiveness
of the entire textile industry of Pakistan. This will also be source centre for technical
human resources, executives and consultants.

OBJECTIVES

o To produce professional textile engineers of high calibre and expertise
to meet the demand of textile industry of Pakistan.
o To enable the youngsters of Pakistan in general and youngster of
Balochistan in particular to acquire expertise in the different areas /
fields of textile engineering.
o To develop trained human resources for textile process industry and
textile machine manufacturing industry of Pakistan.
o To establish a Centre of Excellence in textile engineering in general
and wool development and processing in particular.

OUTCOME OF THE DEPARTMENT

The Department intends to produce 40 to 50 BS Textile Engineering, 10 to 20 Master’s
in Textile Engineering and 1 to 5 PhD in the near future. Present intake is from 35-50
students each year.
The courses offered by the Department of Textile Engineering are intended to result
in:
o Minimization of unemployment.
o Improvement of living standard of the people of Balochistan
o Industrialization in the province
o Improvement of technical and scientific approach for production of
textile commodities.
o Effective utilization of textile resources of the province (wool/ cotton)
o Inducement of entrepreneurship (textile industry), in Balochistan as
well as Pakistan.

Department of petroleum and gas at BUITEMS

Department of Petroleum & Gas Engineering


Introduction

Balochistan is rich in natural resources like Oil, Gas and Minerals. The largest
reserves of gas exist in the area of Sui of this Province, which meets one-third of the country’s
energy requirements. Therefore keeping in view this essential need a department of Petroleum
and Gas was initiated in the fall of 2004 as the first and pioneering department in the then newly
established Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences (later renamed as the Faculty of
Engineering since September 2007.




SCOPE




o Pakistan’s current daily oil & gas production have reached 70,000
barrels of oil and 4 Billion cubic feet of gas repectively.
o Presently, 42 companies are working in Pakistan which have been
awarded 118 exploration licenses and 127 leases.
o Seventeen new blocks have been opened which would support the
ongoing exploration activities in the country and open major
opportunities for the prospective investors in diversified fields.
o Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering program imparts to its
students modern scientific and computer skills for exploration,
development and exploitation of the oil and gas reserves and to
apprise them of the technological advances in Drilling, Production and
Reservoir Engineering as well as Safety with special reference to
Environments.
o Petroleum engineers produced by the department will be absorbed in
exploration & production, plus service and marketing activities of
national and multinational Companies of the world.

VISION


o BUITEMSshould be one of the best institution in the country to produce
quality petroleum engineers for the petroleum industry.
o To make the department a Centre of Excellence in education and
research on petroleum including reservoir, production and drilling
techniques for oil and gas fields.
o To solve the industry's technical and logical issues by using advanced
software and calculations.
o To become a major key source of ideas and expertise for the long term
competitiveness of the entire petroleum industry of Pakistan.

MISSION


The Department of Petroleum & Gas Engineering is committed to use
modern institutional technology to enhance learning and continue a
program of excellence in research to provide students with the necessary
skills to achieve success in their future professional careers not only in
Pakistan but also in the rest of the world.

OBJECTIVES


o To enable graduates to understand the importance of professional
responsibility and high ethical standards.
o To Produce engineers to assume positions of technical leadership in
the industry making use of their specialized knowledge of petroleum
engineering.
o To promote effective oral and written technical communication skills to
meet the challenges of the future petroleum engineering profession.
o To provide students with an education back ground in the
fundamentals, enabling them to succeed in graduate studies and
research in petroleum engineering.

OUTCOME OF THE DEPARTMENT


The Department of Petroleum & Gas Engineering intends to produce 40-50 Petroleum
Engineers with BS degree in Petroleum & Gas Engineering each year.
The Department intends to produce 10-20 MS degree holders and 1-5 Ph.D degree
holders in Petroleum and Gas Engineering.
The Department has already produced up to 100 Petroleum Engineers with BS
degrees from three (3) Batches.
o The courses offered by the Department of Petroleum & Gas
Engineering are intended to result in:
o Minimization of unemployment.
o Improvement of living standard of the people of Balochistan.
o Industrialization in the province.
o Improvement of technical and scientific approach for production of Oil &
Gas.
o Effective utilization of oil & gas resources of the province.
o Inducement of entrepreneurship (Petroleum & Gas Industry in
Balochistan and as well as in Pakistan)

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